01 - Preheat the oven to 350°F. Line two baking sheets with parchment paper.
02 - In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, baking powder, salt, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves. Set aside.
03 - In a large bowl, beat the softened butter with the brown sugar and granulated sugar using a hand or stand mixer until light and creamy, about 2 to 3 minutes.
04 - Add the eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Mix in the vanilla extract until fully blended.
05 - Gradually add the dry ingredient mixture to the wet ingredients, mixing on low speed until just combined. Do not overmix.
06 - Stir in the rolled oats, diced apple, raisins, and chopped nuts if using, until evenly distributed throughout the dough.
07 - Scoop tablespoon-sized portions of dough onto the prepared baking sheets, spacing them about 2 inches apart to allow for spreading.
08 - Bake for 11 to 13 minutes, or until the cookie edges are golden brown but the centers remain soft and slightly underdone.
09 - Allow the cookies to cool on the baking sheets for 5 minutes, then transfer them to a wire cooling rack to cool completely.